Where is fracking presently done in the world

Some of that gas has remained locked in the shale layer, making it hard to bring up to the surface with traditional drilling. To access that gas, fracking has been used. Once a location has been selected for drilling, some from 4 to 6 acres of surface area will be leveled and cleared for drilling.

The work site includes space for drilling equipment, a pit for drilling waste and an area for the massive amount of water to be used. There may be some natural fractures present in the shale to access the gas into the wellbore but more than likely the wellbore will be subdivided into several sections, each 3, feet to 5, feet.

There can be as many as 10 separate sections in the wellbore. Beginning at the toe, or the end, of the wellbore, the casing in the sections is punctured when high pulse electrical charges are sent through a wire in the wellbore. Then the liquid is pumped in from above ground under high pressure —thousands of pounds per square inch — to crack the shale and create fractures. The liquid is mostly water mixed with sand, but there are dozens and sometimes hundreds of chemicals in the mixture.

Some chemicals are used to help dissolve rocks and sediments while others are used for eliminating bacteria in the water. Chemicals are also used to control temperature and reduce friction in the wellbore. Usually the ratio is 98 percent to The pumping of the liquid into the wellbore can happen many times in order to access the gas.

Up to 10 million gallons of liquid can be pumped into a well during the time it takes to remove the gas from the shale. The fractures created are small, maybe only a fraction of an inch wide. The sand is what holds them open. Both the liquid and the gas are pumped back to the surface where they are separated by machinery at the well site. Animals This frog mysteriously re-evolved a full set of teeth. Animals Wild Cities Wild parakeets have taken a liking to London.

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